Olmstead vs. New York (1928) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Olmstead vs. New York (1928) - Assignment Example This continued for a period of five months and the recorded conversation overheard was 775 typewritten pages. Olmstead had been tapped eight telephones in his home and office and offices of the other defendants charged with and some in their homes. Prohibition Agent listened over the taped conversation on behalf of the federal government under their official capacity and reported message retrieved (Gunther & Dowling 564). The evidence disclosed a conspiracy where an astonishing magnitude of distribution, possession, sales and import of liquor unlawfully. More than fifty persons were employed in sea going vessels to transport the liquor to Colombia and smaller vessels could be used to transport the liquor to the coast of the state of Washington. Wire tapping long experience lineman was then employed on behalf of the federal government and, on its expense to end this. Olmstead argued that the telephone wire tapped was equal to an illegal search on his property and therefore, he was den ied his right for privacy under the Fourth Amendment. The court on contrary ruled that the electronic device did not include physical entry arguing that Olmstead had been broadcasting to the general public. Justice Taft went further to write the majority opinion, "the amendment language cannot be expanded and extended to include telephone, connecting globally from defendant’s house and or office. The intervening wires are highways along were they are stretched but neither part of his house nor the office†. After taking some type of invasion of privacy justice brandies envisioned later became a reality, he developed to be one of the most citied options in the Supreme Court (Gunther & Dowling 566). By often using objections, the defendants asked for permission to access the evidence acquired by wire tapping. They claimed that it consisted of unreasonable search and sequestration which is the Fourth Amendment violation, and that the use conversation overheard as evidence c ompelled the defendant from being witnesses against themselves in the Fifth Amendment violation (Gunther & Dowling 566). The purpose of the Fourth Amendments commonly referred to as general warrant or writs of assistance were to prevent citizens from force search of property, owns personalities, papers and effects by the government and prevention from unwilling seizure. Opposing the ruling opinion, that was based on the view of search as a native physical action on private property, Justice Louis Brandeis argued; delicacy and more expansive means of tress passing privacy has become common in the government (Gunther & Dowling 567). Invention and innovation has made the government massively in disclosing in court what is actually whispered in the closet. Furthermore, when applying the constitution, believe cannot only be what has been, but what may be.’ The science generation in providing the government with a way of spying is not likely going to stop with wire tapping. Methods may someday be developed that the government will not be required to remove papers from drawers; this will enable to expose jury and some of the most intimate act of the home. This places the liberty of all citizens in the hands of every officer. Tempering with telephones is far much evil in privacy invasion just like tempering with mails. When a telephone line is tapped, the privacy of both the receiver and the ringer

Causes of autism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Causes of autism - Essay Example Early diagnosis of autism is very important to adjust the methods of child rearing and to facilitate their social adaptation. It is believed that autism is not a mental illness, but a developmental disorder. It is thought that it cannot be cured completely, but therapy at an early stage will help the child overcome some limitations. Dustin Hoffman's character in Rain Man has little to do with the lives of people with autism. They usually attract attention to their unusual behavior. Our brain reacts to the stimuli and processes information through the biological process of connecting, pairing and organizing the neurons. These neurons have thread extensions through which electrical discharge travels. Neurons thus conduct these electrical impulses. Autism changes how these nerve cells function, though it is not quite known how this occurs. Since their brain cannot function properly, people affected with autism have problems in their daily life tasks including problems in interacting soc ially, communicating non-verbally and other activities that involve give-and-take, humor and adroitness. The clinical picture of autism: a number of psychomotor, speech and behavioral disorders, with different combinations of symptoms and signs of developmental delay. Early childhood autism can be detected at as early an age as three years. Such children are weak and have poor facial expressions. They are not capable of non-verbal interactions with their mother or other people – they do not look in your eyes, do not respond to their own name, do not take toys when someone gives them. You may have to line up their pencils before they can pay attention, or say the same phrase over and over to calm down. They may flap their arms to indicate they are happy, or hurting to show that they are not. Some people with autism never learn to speak. Most of the autistic children carry out repetitive movements for instance they rock and twirl, or they abuse their own selves by biting and he ad banging. Such children start talking after the normal ones and rather than calling themselves by I or me they take their name. Autistic children are not able to play with others like normal ones and some even talk in sing-song voice. They do not care for what the other person thinks or is interested in and they themselves have few favorite topics. Autistic children appear to be having an increased risk of having particular comorbid conditions, which includes fragile X syndrome (that leads to mental retardation), tuberous sclerosis (wherein tumors develop in the brain), epileptic seizures, Tourette syndrome, learning disorders and deficit disorder attention. Almost 20-30% of autistic children also develop epilepsy by the time they become adults. Although there are certain schizophrenic people who might also exhibit behavior of autism, their symptoms normally are not visible till almost adulthood is reached. A lot of schizophrenic people may also be having hallucinations and delusi ons that is not a sign of autism. As the child grows, the symptoms of autism increase. He falls into the strong disorder due to the change in the familiar environment, loud noises, bright lights or strong odors. Worst of all, the child feels alone and avoids any physical contact with parents and peers. Emotional reciprocity and

Obesity in the USA

Obesity in the USA Obesity Problem in USA Introduction Obesity signifies an overload total of body fat. If someones bodyweight is in any case 20% loftier than what it be supposed to be, he or she is normally considered as obese. If persons Body Mass Index (BMI) is between 25 and 29.9 he or she is considered as an overweight. If a person BMI is 30 or over he or she is considered as obese. Obesity has been affecting a lot of the American populace on a harmful level. Unless prospective on how to fight this battle is changed, we will continue to lose. Pediatricians, Parents, and even political leaders and Government are focused on promoting healthy weight in kids because obesity is becoming a huge epidemic in the United States. In this paper we are going to discuss about the various literature review on trends of obesity in USA, academic knowledge impacts and principles of active citizenship might have effect on the contemporary issue of obesity during the subsequent 5 to 10 years. Smith, Elizabeth, in her article Healthy Lifestyles sum ups not merely the enormous medical circumstances that can have an result on overweight children (cataract. liver disease, diabetes, high cholesterol blood pressure bone and joint problems, sleep apnea, etc.), but lots of the renowned sources. Genetically, there is enough numerical corroboration to illustrate that overweight and obese adults are further expected to have obese children, and that explicit racial/ethnic settings are more have an outcome on than others. In the fetal neighboring, elevated folic acid eating can demonstrate the way to health dilemmas in a fetus and infant, and denied nutrition by the mother as well destructively have an result on the fetus. In accumulation, the social setting in which the infant is raised, in exacting in expressions of work out and nutrition, will produce patterns go behind by the child for mainly in all probability their whole life. As per to Brownwell (1982), if cure from obesity is described as decrease to ultimate weight and maintenance of that weight for five years, an individual is additional expected to recuperate from the majority types of cancer than from obesity (Krieshok Karpowitz, (1988). Even though there isnt a cure, there are things that can be done to avert several from being obese. There are 3 physiological providers that assist make the function of obesity easier to comprehend. They are internal variables, external variables, and mediated variables. Internal variables are ones that a person is not capable to control for example the intestines size and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. External variables are ones in which a individual has power over type of food, variety, and physical activity. Finally, mediated variables are a modest of both. The individual might have a little control however there are as well a number of things out of their control. Egger (2010) in his article 5 myths about hunger in America concentrates on how hunger cycle in children affects learning ability which tend to increases, reduces employment rates, school dropout rates thus diminishing national economic security while promoting a life of crime. He inter connects hunger and obesity again by centering on how youthful adults are too obese to work with the military, as a result decreasing the numeral of military qualified citizens and consequently decreasing national security. Obese children are in addition additional likely to be turn into obese as adults, thus increasing their enduring risk of grave health problems for example heart disease andstroke. How academic knowledge forces the social elements and institutions of both global and local communities The subsequent subject to cover up is how academic knowledge forces the social elements and institutions of both global and local communities. Elements of Social are actually anguished from obesity and the illness that approach down with it. Over time, with the rising obesity rate, a number of schools have started by means of diverse strategies to tackle the concern for habits of poor diet and growing numeral of obese students. The majority of children who are obese will be overweight as an adult additionally. As an alternative of focusing the problem on individual students, policies of school should effect on the school cultural and physical environment which can, consecutively, be additional conductive to improving dietary behaviors of student (Vecchiarelli, Takayanagi, Neumann, 2006). These changes cant simply occur at school and be fruitful except they are changed habits also outside of school. Two-thirds of U.S. adults citizens are obese or overweight, Rates of obesity and ove rweight. In wide-ranging are advanced in the South and Midwest, superior for Hispanic men than African-American Caucasian men, superior for Hispanic, African-American and women than Caucasian women, and tend to increase with age.. (Ogden, C. L., Carroll) The United States is a free country where we are allowed to choose and pick whatever restaurants we eat at, order at those restaurants, how a good deal food we purchase at the grocery store, the type of food we acquire at the grocery store, etc.Twenty percent of children in US are considered overweight or obese at age 11. It has various severe enduring effects for your health, and it is a important cause of preventable deaths in the USA Obesity can lead to high blood pressure diabetes, , and heart disease If left untreated, . Even though we are living in a nation with technological advancement and great economic power we have negligible quantity of realistic nutritional facts. Currently we are existing in a territory which is plagued with obesity. US health Policymakers are saying that aggressive action need to be taken to shoot the expansion of theobesityplague in the United States, which is effecting the nation’s health-care system, pushing many of Americans into an early on grave every year and hazarding the lives of thousands ofkids, a lot of of whom are or obese heavy prior to they go into kindergarten. Several local and state governments have intended putting into practice an excise tax on sugar-enhanced drinks.[ Caraher M, Cowburn] Obesity rates Over the past 20 years for preschool children (aged 2-5) and adolescents (aged 12-19) has almost doubled and for elementary children aged 6-11, have been increased by almost three-fold. These trends also have significant long-term impacts. Adolescents who are overweight have a 60% more chance of becoming obese adults. [USDA Economic Research Service] If one of the parent is overweight or obese, that number jumps to 75%. If this trend is not changed, there is a danger than one in every three children born today will develop Type 2 diabetes with other obesity related illnesses, and as a result of which , this generation of children may become less healthy than their parents. There are many incidents which propose that obesity is more described than merely a food lover’s ailment. Obesity is an epidemic in the other developed countries including USA. Other than half of Americans are obese, as well as at any rate one in four children. Virtually one-third of them are overweight. Obesity is increasing in the society because food is abundant and most of us do routine work that require little to no physical activity. There are numerous debates which professionals seem to be trying to do that are linked to the cause of obesity, which makes impossible to just place the blame on one thing, some are blaming advertisers by trying to persuade kids from what seems like immaturity to purchase their products.The main factors are one’s stress management, one’s environment, and one’s genetic makeup. Factors that are included in obesity are, socioeconomic, psychological, genetic, behavioral, cultural, environmental or metabolic. The most common are psychological and genetics (emotional; for the need of ice cream, for example). Environmental and Behavioral changes in the American way of life as well as media influences and alterations in the diet of people are all factors that have contributed to the 30% increase in the average daily caloric intake. Someone’s environment plays a very significant factor on our lifestyle in addition to the kinds of food we consume. Somebody who lives on a ranch For instance be inclined to devour more of natural foods than somebody who subsists in an urban surroundings and consume additional of processed food. The other major factor to the increase in obesity rates is the due to decreased physical activity of Americans, as a result of increased use of technology such as television, cars,and computers as well as decreasing physical education in schools. The biggest factor in America for the obesity rate is too much inactiveness. Every little bit of exercise counts from sacrificing the elevator for the stairs to parking further to walk into the store, by simply playing outside with your kids these all are little solutions to ending obesity. As large shopping malls and out-of-town supermarkets started to appear, people started driving their cars to get their provisions. Dependence on the car for travelling has become so intense that many people will impel even if their purpose is merely half-a-mile away. Obesity has been the most ordinary sort of undernourishment and one of the maximum with health dangers to life in the US today, and it can be averted. Obesity has many factors that cannot be overlooked. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has set a aim of dipping the obesity of childhood pace to 15 percent by 2025, and to doing so kids aged 5 to 15 would require to decrease an average of 64 calories a day Healthy People 2020is a comprehensive document of national health-related aims and objectives., US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Since 1980 has publishedHealthy Peoplereports every decade that: identify national health targets for ten years, encourage collaborations across various sectors, , guide individuals toward making informed health decisions and measure the impact of prevention activity. The new aim could be achieved by diminishing calorie intake, increasing physical activity or both. Organizations such as advanced-practice nurse [APNs ]are well positioned to direct their advocacy efforts at measures to reduce obesity. The APNs are eminently qualified to lead in their communities and are using various strategies for combating obesity. These goals among other things include specific recommendations that address, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, nutritional labeling, the availability of lower-calorie children’s meals in restaurants, marketing of food and beverages to children, and) to monitor and track a child’s body-mass index and provide interventions using the electronic medical record (EMR]. As APNs work with health systems of care, such as medical care organizations and health care organizations, and the adoption of the EMR, they can accelerate their acquisition of knowledge in the areas of, weight management, food, nutrition and physical activity. By Telling someone to stop simply eating will not cure the obesity disease because it needs to be something that is in the genes of the person. By telling someone simply to exercise more will not cure the obesity disease because food can be used as an outlet for stress. There is no clean-cut cause of obese, so there will never be a clear cut solution either. Governments can also help reduce obesity, may experts say, by providing farmers’ markets and supermarkets with inducements to tender healthier foods and set up their trades in low down income areas.[ Smed S, Jensen JD, Denver]. Many, local governments schools and hospitals around the country have implemented policies to reduce obesity by banning the sale and serving of sweetened sips, which are lofty in calories and have modest or no nourishment value. The solution is as very simple as eating the same amount of food other than with healthier alternatives and a enduring diet, for instance being vegetarianism. Exercising is also very significant to keep healthy and fit other than, a number of fats are vital for the body as stored energy, insulation heat, and padding. Principles of active citizenship Active citizenship might as well impact the issue with obesity throughout the subsequent 5 to 10 years with citizens participation. Along with school and home based intervention, it needs to get even superior with government and community based interventions. Education is the key. By community activities organizing, walks can be planned to support physical activity, playgrounds can be made for things similar to basketball and additional physical activity, paths can be prepared for children to ride bikes on,. By approaching together as a community and support these things in our children, obesity can reduce significantly over the next 5 to 10 years. Leaving fast food chains alone and making foods at home is as well a foremost factor in obesity preventing. Keeping physically active Eating healthy and should be a part of a lifelong daily routine. No diet plan should be encouraged as a provisional eating arrangement, other than rather a permanent plan for healthy lifestyle eating Permanentand Successful weight lossis best achieved by changing how and when you eat, modifying your behavior by increased physical activity.. While some might undergo weight-loss surgery while other patients may be prescribed medication,. It must involve long-term For a plan to do well, alters in the routines of the whole family. The obese should not be singled out. Parents, siblings, including other family members living in the home will all benefit from a shift toward a healthier lifestyle. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[CDC] recommends that, child caregivers, parents and schools should restrict admission to sugar-enhanced brinks, and put back them with low-fat, free milk, water or and a restricted quantity of 100 percent fruit juices. In early childhood, children should be given, low fat healthy snacks and take part in physical activity every day. The CDC also suggest parents to persuade their kids to live actually lively lives and decrease television sighting, as children are controlled by ads that endorse detrimental beverages and foods Their television viewing should be limited to no more than ten hours per week Weight lossby itself is hardly ever an objective in an obese child or teenager. By having a lifelong eating plan to a certain extent than a diet for the purpose in weight loss, it possibly will be a great deal easier to remain fit and the weight off. Somewhat, the goal is to sluggish weight gain or simply to preserve a weight over time. The plan is to let the child to raise into his or her body mass progressively, above time. This perhaps will acquire a year or two, or more longer, relying on the childs age, body mass, and development pattern.[ Moss BG, Yeaton WH (2011] With the Communities Putting Prevention to Work and First Lady’s â€Å"Let’s Move† initiative, the U.S. Government While has made planned investments in prevention, these initiatives efforts demonstrates comparatively diminutive steps forward, and future public health prevention programs remain under threat., To make true advances should be part of concerted efforts by national and local governmental, health, and nonprofit organizations, advertisers food companies, and individuals to construct healthy weights the custom somewhat than the exception. Conclusion When we all start realizing the problem, and when the healthy patrons of America start making a more valiant effort to influence healthy habits, then our nation will start to see huge dividends. Until then, it is up to us. Personal responsibility is the strongest motivator in changing ourselves which will influence the nation. Knowing what we are eating gives us knowledge and ultimately power to change what we have become as a nation. Whether this power is given to us by events that change the industry or not we should become a more involved nation that does not accept things for how they are we should choose to do something about it. A good solution to any health concerns would be to grow your own food in a garden in your yard. When you grow your own food, you know what’s going into the food, where it is coming from, and how fresh it is. Foods grown by you are usually the healthiest, too, because it is almost always a natural process.[ Dong D, Lin B.], There are a variety of ways for promoting healthy weight in kids. We can resolve overeating of food issues at home and school. We can force our children to increase exercise and activity. For the majority children who are stout or obese, the securest and mainly efficient way to drop weight is to consume less andwork outmore. In conclusion, obesity has on no account been further on the rise. It is affecting people individually in addition to a community and also worldwide. The medical cost combined connected with these preventable diseases treatment are approximated to enhance by $48-66 billion/year in the USA by 2030. Therefore, efficient policies to support healthier weight as well have benefits of economic by approaching together as a community, assuming the responsibilities as adults and setting fine examples for our children, we can avert obesity and reduce the majority chronic diseases that effect from it. References Blumberg, S J; Olson, L; Frankel, MR; Osborn, L; Srinath, K P; Giambo, P (2005),Design and operation of the National Survey of Children’s Health(PDF),Vital Health Statistics1(43) Colditz GW, Wang, YC. Economic costs of obesity. In: Hu F,Obesity Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 2008. Caraher M, Cowburn G. Taxing food: implications for public health nutrition. Public Health Nutr2005; 8: 1242-9. National Obesity Trends, CDCNCHS, 2010, retrieved 2012-03-26 Centers for Disease Control: Obesity Data and Statistics Dong D, Lin B.Fruit and vegetable consumption by low-income Americans: would a price reduction make a difference?Washington: United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service; 2009. ^Moss BG, Yeaton WH (2011). Young Childrens Weight Trajectories and Associated Risk Factors: Results From the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort..American Journal of Health Promotion Egger, R. (2010, November 21). 5 myths about hunger in America. Krieshok, S. I., Karpowitz, D. H. (1988). A review of selected literature on obesity and guidelines for treatment. Journal of Counseling and Development: JDC, 66(7), 326. Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B.K., Flegal, K. M. (2012). Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among U.S. children and adolescents, 1999-2010.Journal of the American Medical Association, 307(5), 483-490. Smed S, Jensen JD, Denver S. Socio-economic characteristics and the effect of taxation as a health policy instrument.Food Policy2007; 32: 624-39 â€Å"HEALTHY LIFESTYLES: Childhood Obesity: An Alarming Trend.†. International Journal of Childbirth Education, Smith, Elizabeth, March 2008. Santa Clara Univ. Lib. 2 March 2010. Van Itallie TB. Health implications of overweight and obesity in the United States. Ann Intern Med.;103:983–988.

Why should women become priests? :: Essays Papers

Why should women become priests? Catholic Churches today and in the past 40 years or so have been starting to ordain women as priests. Most people think this is completely sacrilegious and revolting against the church. But, women do not want to become priests because they are angry, or because they want to win, or because they want to trample men’s feelings, but because they are searching for the truth about themselves as women, and so they can relate more to God. Let me explain. First, let me begin with feminism. Feminism is the belief that women and men are equal in dignity as human beings. Most people would agree that equal dignity, at times, has been denied for women. This changes attitudes, concepts, and structures to reveal this equality. Also, feminism is not just a call for women to have an equal place in the current system of the Church, but rather it challenges people to rethink the system itself in the light of women’s experience. Women do not want merely equal access to priesthood in the Church, they want to remake it (Bielgrien 13). Women continue to strive for equal status in the church. They are beginning to oppose more and more of the Church’s teaching. Feminists are now opposing the idea that humans have a â€Å"dual anthropology.† The Church supports this philosophy and explains that â€Å"women’s human nature is naturally different from men’s human nature† (Bielgrien 13). Arguments against the ordination of women imply this nature, in which sexual differentiation is seen as an essential element and therefore part of the divine plan that God wants. The dual nature of men and women is the ordaining principle for complementary roles, functions, and activities of women and men† (Bielgrien 13-15). However, women who are in favor of ordaining women priests say there is a â€Å"one-nature anthropology.† This philosophy claims that â€Å"there is no preordained role or function, beyond the biological, for either men or women since the appropriate activities of the individual are extrapolated from spiritual and personal characteristics† (Bielgrien 16).

Customer Needs and Preferences Essay

DEMONSTRATE THE ABILITY TO PROVIDE INSPIRATIONAL, AUTHENTIC AND PERSONALIZED CUSTOMER SERVICE / IDENTIFYING CUSTOMERS’ NEEDS: Every customer has different needs and wants when they step into the store. As every customer has different preferences, it is essential to personalize the experiences for different customers. To find out what the customers are looking for, we need to ask TED questions. Through the answers the customers give, we will have better insights and understanding about what they are looking for. PROVIDING INFORMATION ON PRODUCTS / EDUCATING CUSTOMERS: Fragrances: As important as sales is, educating the customers is equally crucial. What makes Jo Malone’s colognes so unique is that it is light so it can be layered. They are good on its own but when layered, you will get truly individual effects. Therefore, customers can come up with their own bespoke scents. Candles and diffusers: For every customer that buys the candles and diffusers, our job is to teach them how to use the products. For candles, the customers can only burn for up to four hours and then extinguish it and after burning, the wick of the candle must be trimmed to prevent the candle from tunneling. ASSIST IN DAILY RETAIL OPERATION: Co-ordinate and check merchandise on display: Except for the testers, the products on display are not displayed pieces but actual selling stocks. In Jo Malone London ION Orchard, it often gets busy and customers are always rushing in this fast-paced city so we often do not take the stocks from the cabinets and just sell the products on display instead. During our free time, we will replenish the merchandise on display. By doing so, it would also minimize external theft as we would be able to immediately realize that the product is missing and then report to our superiors and request for them to check the surveillance cameras. By coordinating and checking the merchandise on display, we will also have better insights on approximately how much of each product needs to be reordered. Handle exchanges of merchandise: A lot of the customers that comes to Jo Malone London are customers that are looking for gifts for their family, friends or loved ones. They often do not know what to buy and often purchase the options between our recommendations. To successfully close these deals and not let our potential customers slip out of our hands, we would persuade them to buy by letting them know that we will issue them a sales memo so that the receiver may bring the unused products to exchange for something they like should they not like the gift. DISPLAY PROFESSIONAL IMAGE AND ETIQUETTE: In Jo Malone London, we are required to wear our uniforms, wear formal footwear and put on our aprons and name tags once we are on the sales floor. Grooming is of great importance as it will not only portray our professionalism, our customers will also place their trust in our recommendations when they see how well-dressed we are. What we say to them will seem more professional and convincible to them too. Other than attire-wise, makeup is also required as it would add colors to our face making us look more refreshed and it will also positively affect the perception people has on us. PERFORM DAILY HOUSEKEEPING: As our store is an open layout store with no automatic doors that opens and closes when a customer walks in and out, there is a lot of dust in the store. What adds to the this-this issue is that we have many spotlights in the store which makes the dust a lot more visible. Therefore, it is essential that we wipe the shelves and the tables every morning. On Sunday mornings, we would wipe all products, shelves, and tables. I do not wipe the shelves and tables, it would make our store look dusty, deserted and unsanitary. 2.2 GOOD OR BAD MOMENTS EXPERIENCED GOOD: Seeing the reactions of my customers when I tell them that I am merely an intern. After a few days of the internship, I feel more confident with the amount of knowledge I have which really played a huge part in my ability to persuade customers to purchase. BAD: During our orientation, we were thought to ask TED questions. And then further suggest scents or products to customers based on our insights. But there often are customers that ask what the best sellers are when they step foot in. What makes this situation tricky is the customers because what may be the bestseller may not be what they like. â€Å"May I know what kind of scents you like, miss? Because what may be the bestseller may not be what you would like† would earn me some glares and angry customers that would stomp off. I often encounter such customers and as much as I want to stay unaffected, I really am.

Predominate Symbols and Their Meanings

Predominate Symbols and Their Meanings Defined Symbolism â€Å"is the practice of representing things by symbols, or of investing things with a symbolic meaning or character. A symbol is an object, action, or idea that represents something other than itself, often of a more abstract nature. † (Wikipedia) Authors use symbolism to give their stories a deeper meaning. Symbols make you look beyond the obvious and see the deeper meaning. † Symbols have emotional and intellectual power beyond their literal importance, and writers often use them to compact large ideas into simple words or phrases. (SPC Blackboard) Authors Shirley Jackson (The Lottery), Susan Glaspell (A Jury of Her Peers), and Katherine Ann Porte (The Jilting of Granny Weatherall) all effectively use symbolism is their stories to convey a deeper meaning, the symbolism in their stories help connect you on a different level. In Jackson’s The Lottery, there are many instances where symbolism is used to repr esent something else. The first symbol which is probably the most obvious is the title of the story.When you think of the word lottery you think of a prize of some sort, â€Å"In this story the lottery serves as an ironic symbol–something which begins in a harmless and sociable way but ends in tragedy. † (Enotes) Another symbolic reference in this story is the black box that is used to draw from. The box is dilapidated and in need of some major repair, yet it is still used year after year. ‘They base their attachment on nothing more than a story that claims that this black box was made from pieces of another, older black box. (SparkNotes) The black box symbolizes tradition; the people of the town are attached to the box just because it has been around so long they don’t know anything else. There is no reason the villagers should be so attached to the box, just as there is no reason they should continue to hold the Lottery but they do because of tradition. (SparkNotes) The third and most disturbing symbol from The Lottery is the actual stoning. â€Å"Stoning is one of the oldest and most common forms of execution, but it is also one of the most symbolic. (Bright Hub Education) It is symbolic because in reference to the Bible stoning was the way to execute innocent people. It was also important the â€Å"winner† of the lottery be stoned so that there was not just one executioner. â€Å"This means that no single person has passed judgment or has to carry the guilt for taking a life alone†, the lottery was an institution of the society and not the individual. (Bright Hub Education) Jackson uses symbolism in this morbid story to reference the Bible and make you read between the lines, just like Glaspell does in A Jury of Her Peers.In A Jury of Her Peers by Susan Glaspell there is an abundance of symbolism. Basically every small detail in this story is symbolic of something else. The most significant symbols in this story ar e the bird and the birdcage. Mrs. Hale describes Minnie, before her marriage, as †real sweet and pretty, but kind of timid and fluttery† (Learner) which can also describe a bird. The bird in its cage represents Minnie trapped in the relationship with John. She is also trapped because there is no lifeline or communication with the outside world, she is having the life drained from her.John figuratively strangles the life out of Minnie like he literally strangles the bird. When he kills the bird, he kills the last bit of Minnie’s spirit. Minnie â€Å"didn't know what she was about† (Learner) anymore. Another symbolic reference is way Minnie killed her husband, Minnie strangled the life out of John like he strangled the life out of her bird. (Literature Essays) The setting in this story is also symbolic because like Minnie it was very isolated and â€Å"It had always been a lonesome-looking place. (Learner) Minnie reached a breaking point and took matters int o her own hands. During this time period there was no divorce or separation, so the woman had either to suffer through it, die, or kill her husband. Her house is also very symbolic of her life, her kitchen was described as â€Å"being in disorder with unwashed pans under the sink, a dishtowel left on table, a loaf of bread outside the breadbox, and other disarray. † (Learner) Just like her kitchen, Minnie’s life was in complete disarray because of the abuse she endured.Like Glaspell, Katherine Ann Porte author of The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, uses symbolism to relate everyday events and objects to traumatic life events. The title itself is symbolic; to â€Å"Weather† means that someone has gone through a lot and experienced a lot of hardships during their life. Granny had â€Å"weathered† a lot during her life but had forced herself to rise above these situations. Even though she is a weak and dying she wants everyone to think she is fine and doesnâ⠂¬â„¢t need anyone’s help. Some f the symbolism that takes place in The Jilting of Granny Weatherall has to do with Granny’s denial. Granny Weatherall is in denial about most of the aspects of her life. She refuses to admit that she is dying, refuses to let anyone think she had her heart broken by the man who left her at the altar. Before she dies she wants to make sure everyone knows she lived a good life and did everything anyone else would do, married a good man, had kids, and lived a good life, even though her heart still pangs because she was jilted. The color blue is also symbolic throughout the story.There are many references to the color throughout the story and as Granny comes closer to dying the color slowly starts to fade. â€Å"At last, blue becomes the color of the light in Granny’s own mind, the light she snuffs out herself. ‘She stretched herself with a deep breath and blew out the light. ’ (EBookBrowse) It comes to symbolize the fin al stage of Granny’s life, when she is easing into death. † (SparkNotes) These symbols tug at your emotions and make you feel the pain Granny Weatherall has endured throughout her life. By using symbolism, these authors add layers to their stories.These layers make the stories more effective on an emotional level. They force you to read between the lines and force you to see the hidden importance in even the smallest of details. Works Cited Bright Hub Education. n. d. 27 October 2012. . EBookBrowse. n. d. 29 October 2012. . Enotes. n. d. 28 October 2012. . Learner. n. d. 28 October 2012. . Literature Essays. n. d. 28 October 2012. . SparkNotes. n. d. 28 October 2012. . SparkNotes. n. d. 29 October 2012. . SPC Blackboard. n. d. 27 October 2012. . Wikipedia. n. d. 26 October 2012. .